Antioxidative effects of cysteamine,hyaluronan and fetuin on post‐thaw semen quality,DNA integrity and oxidative stress parameters in the Brown Swiss bull

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of antioxidants including cysteamine (2.5, 7.5 mm ), hyaluronan (0.25, 1 mg ml^?1) and fetuin (5, 10 mg ml^?1) in the freezing of Brown Swiss bull semen. The best percentages of CASA motilities were achieved with 10 mg ml^?1 of fetuin and 2.5 mm of cysteamine. For sperm morphology, 10 mg ml^?1 of fetuin and 2.5 mm of cysteamine had better protective effects (P < 0.001). The results of hypo‐osmotic swelling test showed that the percentage values of membrane integrity in all the groups, excluding that supplemented with 5 mg ml^?1 of fetuin, were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.001). Results obtained for the DNA damage of sperm cells demonstrated that 0.25 mg ml^?1 of hyaluronan, and 2.5 and 7.5 mm of cysteamine led to lower rates of spermatozoa with damaged DNA, compared with the control group (P < 0.001). The maintenance of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase antioxidant activities following freeze‐thawing with 2.5 and 7.5 mm of cysteamine and 10 mg ml^?1 of fetuin was demonstrated to be at a higher level in comparison with the control group (P < 0.001). Malondialdehyde formation was found to be lower in the groups supplemented with 0.25 mg ml^?1 of hyaluronan and 7.5 mm of cysteamine after the freeze‐thawing process (P < 0.001).     

The effects of verapamil and heparin co-administration on sperm parameters and oxidative stress in prevention of testicular torsion/detorsion damage in rats

In this research, the impacts of combined administration of verapamil and heparin on testicular torsion damage were examined. In this experimental study, 30 sexually mature male Wistar albino rats were divided into five equal groups haphazardly (n = 6): Group 1 was the sham group. In group 2, a 2-hr testicular torsion was induced, and thereafter, detorsion was done. Rats in group 3 and group 4 experienced an identical surgical procedure like group 2, but verapamil and heparin were administered in 0.3 mg/kg and 800 IU/kg doses respectively, and in group 5, a combination of verapamil and heparin were administered. Intraperitoneal drug injection in all treatment groups was done 30 min before testicular detorsion. Testicular torsion significantly changed sperm parameters, oxidative stress biomarkers and Cosentino's histological score compared to the sham group (p < .05). All treatment groups reduced testicular damage by decreasing oxidative stress and improving sperm parameters, but heparin and co-administration of verapamil and heparin were significantly better than verapamil injection alone. However, heparin injected group was more effective than other treatment groups (p < .05). Overall, an anticoagulant like heparin is more effective than a calcium channel blocker such as verapamil, and it is more likely to reduce testicular torsion injuries.     

Male age is more critical to sperm DNA integrity than routine semen parameters in Chinese infertile males

This retrospective study evaluated the correlation between the sperm DNA integrity results and infertile male age or sperm motility in 654 infertile men undergoing infertility evaluations from 2013 to 2016. The correlation between the results of sperm DNA integrity and male age was positive, while a negative correlation was detected between sperm DNA integrity and sperm motility in all subjects. According to age (≤30, 30–35 and ≥35), men with normozoospermia or abnormal semen parameters were, respectively, divided into groups 1, 2 and 3, or groups A, B and C. The sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and DFI abnormality rates in groups 3 and C were highest among their respective cohorts. But they were not significantly different between groups within the same age range. Statistically significant differences were found in male age, progressive motility, as well as total motility between patients with normal DFIs and those with abnormal DFIs in group C, but not in group 3. Older (≥35 years) infertile men have increased sperm DNA fragmentation, independent of conventional semen parameters. Male age is more critical to sperm DNA integrity than routine semen parameters.     

In vitro effects of clomiphene citrate on sperm parameters and fertilisation rate in male NMRI mice

Clomiphene citrate (CC), as a medication in male infertility, improves the sperm parameters in oral consumption but various detrimental side effects have been reported including testicular tumours, gynaecomastia, skin allergic reactions and ocular symptoms. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the in vitro effects of CC on sperm parameters and fertilisation rate in IVF protocol. Sperm samples of NMRI adult mice were divided into six groups: group 1 received no treatment (control group), while groups of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 (experimental groups) were incubated with the doses of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/ml of CC in culture medium respectively. Sperm parameters (viability, morphology and motility), DNA fragmentation levels and fertilisation rate in IVF were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the doses of 0.1 µg/ml (p = .000007 for viability and p = .00006 for fertilisation rate) and 1 µg/ml (p = .032 for viability and p = .005 for fertilisation rate) CC cause a significant improvements; also, the dose of 0.1 µg/ml CC found effective on sperm motility (p = .0003). In the field of IVF, the application of 0.1 and 1 µg/ml of CC in the culture medium may improve the sperm parameters in IVF protocol with no side effects.     

Impact of aluminium toxicity on vital human sperm parameters—Protective effects of silymarin

Aluminium is an environmental pollutant which induces oxidative stress, while silymarin is a potent antioxidant. This study was conducted to investigate the possible protective effects of silymarin on adverse effects of aluminium chloride on vital sperm parameters as well as its effects on oxidative stress markers in human spermatozoa. Human spermatozoa were divided into 5 groups as follows: (a) spermatozoa at 0 hr; (b) spermatozoa at 180 min (control); (c) spermatozoa treated with aluminium chloride; (d) spermatozoa treated with silymarin + aluminium chloride; and (e) spermatozoa treated with silymarin. The sperm samples were used to assess sperm vital parameters such as acrosome and plasma membrane integrity, viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and motility as well as sperm malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the total antioxidant capacity. The percentage of acrosome and plasma membrane integrity, viability, MMP, motility and the total antioxidant capacity of spermatozoa treated with aluminium chloride significantly decreased compared with control group, while the level of MDA significantly increased compared with the control group. In the silymarin + aluminium chloride group, silymarin could significantly compensate the adverse effects of aluminium chloride on these parameters. Administration of silymarin alone significantly increased the percentage of acrosome and plasma membrane integrity, viability, motility and total antioxidant capacity, while significantly reduced MDA levels compared with the control group. Aluminium chloride by inducing oxidative stress exerts disastrous effects on the vital parameters of human spermatozoa and silymarin, as a potent antioxidant, could reverse the effects of aluminium chloride on these parameters.     

Predicting inferior vena cava (IVC) filter retrievability using positional parameters: A comparative study of various filter types

Purpose

To compare changes in inferior vena cava (IVC) filter positional parameters from insertion to removal and examine how they affect retrievability amongst various filter types.

原发性胆囊鳞癌和腺鳞癌临床病理学分析

目的 探讨原发性胆囊鳞癌（SCC）、腺鳞癌（ASC）的临床病理特征、诊断、治疗及预后。方法 对13例原发性胆囊SCC、ASC行HE和免疫组化SP法染色,分析其临床病理学特征并复习文献。结果 原发性胆囊SCC 7例,原发性胆囊ASC 6例,其中男3例,女10例,主要发生于老年患者,中位年龄为67岁。病理学分期T4期8例,T3期4例,T1b期1例。肿瘤部位：弥漫分布4例,胆囊底部5例,胆囊底部及体部3例,胆囊体部1例。其中9例非弥漫肿物最大径2.0~6.0 cm。合并胆囊结石12例。手术方式：行开腹手术7例,腹腔镜手术6例。截至2022年4月1日,11例患者获得随访,中位随访时间14个月（6~110个月）,死亡7例,生存4例。6例行术后化疗或放化疗（化疗用药包括吉西他滨、吉西他滨+顺铂、替加氟）,其中3例死亡,3例生存;5例未行放化疗患者中4例死亡,1例生存。结论 原发性胆囊癌以腺癌多见,而SCC、ASC少见。胆囊SCC、ASC肿物体积较大,预后较腺癌差,治疗以手术切除为主,术后放化疗疗效尚不明确。     

91例丙氨酸氨基转移酶低于正常值上限二倍的慢性乙型肝炎患者肝组织病理特征与实验室指标的相关性

目的分析丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）<正常值上限2倍（2× ULN）慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者肝组织病理特征与实验室指标的相关性。 方法收集兰州市第二人民医院2017年1月至2019年5月住院的ALT< 2× ULN、HBV DNA阳性、进行肝脏活体组织活检的CHB患者共91例,根据肝组织活检结果将G2以下者定为轻度炎症组（61例）,G2及以上者定为中度炎症组（30例）;S2以下者定为无明显纤维化组（69例）,S2及以上者定为明显纤维化组（22例）,分别将炎症两组、纤维化两组患者的血细胞、肝生化指标、凝血指标、乙型肝炎病毒标志物（HBV M）、HBV DNA进行对比分析（Wilcoxon W检验和χ²检验）与相关性研究（φ相关分析）。 结果91例患者肝组织轻度炎症组与中度炎症组ALT、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、球蛋白（GLO）和乙型肝炎病毒e抗原（HBeAg）阳性率差异均有统计学意义（Z = 2.095、P = 0.036,Z = 3.927、P < 0.001,Z = 2.900、P = 0.004,χ² = 10.972、P = 0.001）。无明显纤维化组与明显纤维化组患者AST、GLO、白细胞（WBC）、血小板（PLT）和HBeAg阳性率差异均有统计学意义（Z = 2.933、P = 0.003,Z = 3.064、P = 0.002,Z = 2.544、P = 0.011,Z = 2.231、P = 0.026,χ² = 10.116、P = 0.001）。HBV DNA水平在肝组织轻度炎症组和中度炎症组、无明显纤维化组和明显纤维化组间差异均无统计学意义（Z = 1.908、P = 0.056,Z = 1.729、P = 0.084）。ALT、AST与肝组织炎症活动度低度相关（r_φ = 0.211、P = 0.044;r_φ = 0.284、P = 0.007）;AST、WBC与肝组织纤维化程度低度相关（r_φ = 0.222、P = 0.035,r_φ = 0.289、P = 0.006）;GLO与肝组织纤维化程度中度相关（r_φ = 0.457、P < 0.001）。 结论对于ALT< 2× ULN、HBV DNA阳性的CHB患者,HBeAg阳性者较阴性者发生肝纤维化的机率高;WBC、PLT、AST、GLO水平与肝组织纤维化程度有关,其中GLO水平> 30 g/L的患者与肝组织肝纤维化的相关性更高。     

转录因子KLF5在外阴鳞癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨转录因子KLF5在外阴鳞癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学法分别检测四川大学华西第二医院2017年1月至2019年6月行手术治疗的60例外阴病变石蜡标本的KLF5表达水平,包括19例外阴正常组织、15例外阴上皮内瘤变、26例外阴鳞癌,分析KLF5表达与外阴鳞癌患者临床病理特征的关系。结果:由外阴正常组织向上皮内瘤变的进展过程中,KLF5的表达量是逐步增加的。KLF5在外阴上皮内瘤变、外阴鳞癌组织中的表达均显著高于外阴正常组织,不同分化程度的外阴鳞癌组织中KLF5表达量不同(P＜0.05)。KLF5在外阴鳞癌中的表达与是否淋巴结转移、临床分期无明显差别(P＞0.05)。结论:转录因子KLF5在外阴上皮内瘤变、外阴鳞癌组织中表达上调,且与外阴鳞癌的分化程度有关,提示KLF5可能与外阴鳞癌的发生、发展有关。